JetLib News

chudnall notes a Technology Review story on a new gas engine injection system that promises increased efficiency of up to 50%. “The key is heating and pressurizing gasoline before injecting it into the combustion chamber, says Mike Rocke, Transonic’s vice president of business development. This puts it into a supercritical state that allows for very fast and clean combustion, which in turn decreases the amount of fuel needed to propel a vehicle. The company also treats the gasoline with a catalyst that ‘activates’ it, partially oxidizing it to enhance combustion.”

Source: 50% Efficiency Boost From New Fuel Injection System

Doofus writes “The Washington Post has published in today’s paper an article titled ‘Why it’s so hard for Toyota to find out what’s wrong‘ by Frank Ahrens on the Toyota situation and the difficulties of adequately conveying to Senators and Representatives — most of whom are non-technical — the debugging process. Ahrens interviews Giorgio Rizzoni, an ‘expert in failure analysis’ at Ohio State, who describes the iterations of testing that NHTSA will likely inflict on the Toyota sample cars they have purchased, and then moves into the realm of software and systems verification: ‘He explained that each vehicle contains “layers of computer code that may be added from one model year to next” that control nearly every system, from acceleration to braking to stability. Rizzoni said this software is rigorously tested, but he added: “It is well-known in our community that there is no scientific, firm way of actually completely verifying and validating software.”‘ Ahrens ends the piece with a quote from a 2009 LA Times interview with former UCLA psychology professor Richard Schmidt about how user reports are often unreliable: ‘When the driver says they have their foot on the brake, they are just plain wrong. The human motor system is not perfect, and it doesn’t always do what it is told.’”
Toyota is currently planning an event to challenge evidence presented by professor David W. Gilbert that called into question Toyota’s electronic throttle system.

Source: Toyota’s Engineering Process and the General Public

kkleiner writes “Skinput is a system from Carnegie Mellon’s Chris Harrison that monitors acoustic signals on your arm to translate gestures and taps into input commands. Just by touching different points on your arm, hand, or fingers you can tell your portable device to change volume, answer a call, or turn itself off. Even better, Harrison can couple Skinput with a pico projector so that you can see a graphic interface on your arm and use the acoustic signals to control it. The project is set to be presented at this year’s SIGCHI conference in April, but you can check it out now in several video demonstrations.”

Source: “Skinput” Turns Your Body Into Your I/O

Grumbleduke writes “During today’s debate in the UK’s House of Lords on the much-criticized Digital Economy Bill the unpopular Clause 17 (that would have allowed the government to alter copyright law much more easily than it currently can) was voted out in favor of a DMCA-style take-down system for websites and ISPs. The new amendment known as 120A sets up a system whereby a copyright owner could force an ISP to block certain websites who allegedly host or link to infringing material or face being taken before the High Court and made to pay the copyright owner’s legal fees. This amendment was tabled by the Liberal Democrat party who had so far been seen as the defenders of the internet and with the Conservative party supporting them. The UK’s Pirate Party and Open Rights Group have both strongly criticized this new amendment.”

Source: DMCA Amendment Proposed For UK

klaasb writes “North Korea’s self-developed computer operating system, named ‘Red Star,’ was brought to light for the first time by a Russian satellite broadcaster yesterday. North Korea’s top IT experts began developing the Red Star in 2006, but its composition and operation mechanisms were unknown until the internet version of the Russia Today TV program featured the system, citing the blog of a Russian student who goes to the Kim Il-sung University in Pyongyang.”

Source: North Korea’s Own OS, Red Star

magacious writes “Gtec has showcased a computer that can read your mind over at the CeBIT trade show in Germany. Designed primarily to help those who can’t write or speak, the system makes use of a skull cap and wireless technology to transform brain waves into letters. It’s the first patient-ready computer-brain interface, according to its Austrian makers. It takes around 30 seconds per letter for the computer to recognise what you’re saying the first time you use it, according to Gtec, but this improves vastly with practice. ‘”One second per letter is very tough,” Gtec’s Engelbert Grunbacher said, adding users can usually easily get to five or 10 letters per minute. “You learn to be relaxed, focused. You improve.”‘ It might look quite wacky (pictures here) and at €9,000 the system is not cheap, but it could help enhance the lives of many people who have a great deal to say but no real way of saying it.”

Source: The Computer That Can Read Your Mind

ScienceDaily is reporting that several new discoveries about the simple molecule of water have kicked off a surge in research that scientists believe could lead to solving some of the world’s most tricky problems from agriculture to cancer. “Understanding how individual water molecules maneuver in a system to form fleeting tetrahedral structures and how changing physical conditions such as temperatures and pressures affect the amount of disorder each imparts on that system may help scientists understand why certain substances, like drugs used in chemotherapy, are soluble in water and why some are not. It could also help understand how this changing network of bonds and ordering of local tetrahedrality between water molecules changes the nature of protein folding and degradation. ‘Understanding hydrophobicity, and how different conditions change it, is probably one of the most fundamental components in understanding how proteins fold in water and how different biomolecules remain stable in it,’ says Kumar. ‘And if we understand this, we will not only have a new way of thinking about physics and biology but also a new way to approach health and disease.’”

Source: Tracking Water Molecules Could Unlock Secrets

spidweb writes “Much virtual ink has been spilled over Ubisoft’s new, harsh DRM system for Assassin’s Creed 2. You must have a constant internet connection, and, if your connection breaks, the game exits. While this has angered many (and justifiably so), most writers on the topic have made an error. They think that this system, like all DRM systems in the past, will be easily broken. This article explains why, as dreadful as the system is, it does have a chance of holding hackers off long enough for the game to make its money. As such it is, if nothing else, a fascinating experiment. From the article: ‘Assassin’s Creed 2 is different in a key way. Remember, all of its code for saving and loading games (a significant feature, I’m sure you would agree) is tied into logging into a distant server and sending data back and forth. This vital and complex bit of code has been written from the ground up to require having the saved games live on a machine far away, with said machine being programmed to accept, save, and return the game data. This is a far more difficult problem for a hacker to circumvent.’”

Source: The Awful Anti-Pirate System That Will Probably Work

Several sources are reporting on a new metric that computer scientists are going after with respect to recommender systems — recommendation diversity. “In a paper that will be released by PNAS, a group of scientists are pushing the limits of recommendation systems, creating new algorithms that will make more tangential recommendations to users, which can help expand their interests, which will increase the longevity and utility of the recommendation system itself. Accuracy has long been the most prized measurement in recommending content, like movies, links, or music. However, computer scientists note that this type of system can narrow the field of interest for each user the more it is used. Improved accuracy can result in a strong filtering based on a user’s interests, until the system can only recommend a small subset of all the content it has to offer.”

Source: Recommendation Algorithm Wants To Show You Something New

Since NASA’s Stardust mission returned in 2006 from its trip of billions of miles collecting the dust of a comet called Wild2 and dropped it samples down to Earth in the Utah desert, the samples have raised all sorts of questions about how comets formed and what the early solar system was like. In a study this week in Science, there’s a new surprise. Scientists say that the comet sample contains chemicals that must have formed in our home turf, the inner solar system.

Lead researcher Jennifer Matzel studies a tiny particle taken from Stardust’s sample, a piece just five micrometers across. In it her team found the mark of materials that would have formed under high temperatures. Matzel, who specializes in using the decay rates of radioactive chemical elements to assess ancient dates, determined that the Stardust particle must have crystallized just 1.7 million years after the oldest solid rocks in the solar system were forming [San Francisco Chronicle]. After that, the researchers says, the particle must have been flung out to the Kuiper Belt, the region of icy comets revolving around the sun at a distance far past Neptune.

Matzel doesn’t know for sure how this migration would have happened, but she’s excited about it. “The new and interesting thing about this paper is it’s the first time we’ve been able to get some estimate of the timing,” Matzel says. “Even though it’s a very old object and it formed very close to the sun, it had some longer history in the inner solar system before it got flung out to the comet-forming region” [Scientific American]. The trip would not have been easy. NASA’s Joseph Nuth notes that Jupiter would be forming by this time in the early solar system’s history, and that would have been a major obstacle that outwardly-migrating material would have had to overcome.

Once again, Stardust has proven to be great at providing the unexpected. Earlier findings showed that the comet’s cloud unexpectedly contains the same rocky materials as the asteroids that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter, as well as molecules of glycine, an organic compound essential for life [San Francisco Chronicle]. More hints about the early solar system probably await in the stardust it brought back.

And while the Stardust “mothership” successfully dropped its sample capsule to Earth in 2006, the spacecraft’s voyage isn’t done. Stardust is now on its way to the comet Tempel 1, the comet impacted by the Deep Impact spacecraft in 2005, where it will take photographs of the crater produced by that impact.

Image: NASA

Source: Study: Wild2 Comet Was Exiled From Inner Solar System to the Boondocks